Journals

This paper investigates how urban form and spatial complexity influence accessibility in island cities by combining space syntax and fractal analysis. Focusing on Cagliari, Olbia, and Sassari, it identifies contrasting urban structures shaped by history, geography, and growth patterns. The study shows that accessibility emerges from the interaction between spatial configuration and morphological complexity, offering insights for resilient urban design in constrained contexts. 

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Citation:

‎Garau, C. & Alam, T. (2026). Scaling Urban Complexities using Space Syntax and Fractal Analysis: The Sardinian Cities in Italy ‎as a case study. Journal of Urban Design. [Accepted]. 

This paper investigates how sea-level rise may disrupt spatial accessibility and everyday mobility in Copenhagen’s historic core by integrating space syntax analysis with bathtub flood modelling. It identifies critical pedestrian and transport corridors where high spatial importance coincides with flood exposure, revealing dual vulnerabilities in low-lying heritage districts such as Christianshavn and Holmen. 

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Citation:

Alam, T. (2026). Integrating Space Syntax and Bathtub Flood Modelling to Assess Accessibility Impacts of Sea-Level Rise in ‎Copenhagen’s Historic Core. Journal of Environmental Management. 397 (128314). ‎https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.128314 ‎

This study investigates references to different modes of transportation within the Budge Budge and Diamond Harbour districts of South Bengal and their statistical relationship with the socioeconomic background of the people. It uses a statistical modelling approach to assess these relationships.

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Citation:

Alam, T., & Banerjee, A. (2024). Impact of Urban Morphology on Transportation Preferences in Fostering the Sustainable Development of Emerging Urban Centers in South Bengal. Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies(ASCE),15,690-707. https://doi.org/10.11175/easts.15.690

This study analyzed 1,273 research papers on urban expansion (1990-2019). Findings indicate a growing trend, particularly post-2013. Research themes encompass policy, landscape, land-use change, and the built environment, with interdisciplinary contributions. The paper emphasizes addressing scale-related issues and introducing new methods for future urban expansion research.

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Citation:

Alam, T., & Banerjee, A. (2022). Characterizing land transformation and densification using urban sprawl metrics in the South Bengal region of India. Sustainable Cities and Society, 104295. 
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2022.104295

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The Bengal Delta, an ecologically sensitive zone, is heavily influenced by water, from seasonal monsoons to extreme events. Topography directs drainage, linking water characteristics to physiography. Low-lying areas offer vital economic prospects. This study examines their significance, aiming to elucidate hydrological processes' interplay with existing features. 

The study targets environmental and social enhancement through rejuvenation strategies, integrating resources of communities, with specific focus on low-lying areas.

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Citation:

Alam, T. (2021). Futuristic Urbanism of eco-sensitive zone of India: A case study of Kolkata region. Sustainable Climate Action and Water Management, 303–309.

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8237-0_25 

This paper assesses socio-spatial equity in access to coastal public spaces in Italian island cities by comparing Cagliari and Catania through space syntax analysis. It investigates differences in urban morphology and street network configuration . The results show that Catania’s more structured urban form provides higher equitable coastal accessibility, while Cagliari’s fragmented morphology constrains access. Therefore, the study offers evidence-based insights for more inclusive, mobility-oriented urban planning. 

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Citation:

‎Dastoum, M., Alam, T., Askarizad, R., & Garau, C. (2026). Assessing Socio-Spatial Equity in Access to Coastal Areas of Italian ‎Island Cities. TeMA Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment. [Accepted]. ‎

This paper investigates the relationship between urban morphology and household water use in developing economies, focusing on South Bengal, India. Using a Structural Equation Model (SEM) approach, the study highlights how urban density, accessibility, and household characteristics influence water consumption patterns. The findings reveal that denser urban areas lead to a 34.2% reduction in water use. 

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Citation:

Alam, T., & Banerjee, A. (2024). Investigating urban morphological drivers of household water use in developing economies: A structural equation model approach. Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083241284824

This study investigates the intricate interplay of environmental, social, and economic elements shaping urban landscapes. Analyzing the fractal dimension of built-up areas in two South Bengal municipalities over three decades reveals patterns mirroring developed economies. The findings inform cities on future challenges and strategies for adaptability.

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Citation:

Alam, T., & Banerjee, A. (2023). Analyzing the Urban Form in Suburban Areas of the South Bengal Region Using Built Fractals. Journal of Urban Planning and Development: ASCE.

https://doi.org/10.1061/JUPDDM.UPENG-4543

Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) is a forward-looking urban strategy to elevate metropolitan living standards. The Metro Rail Transit System (MRTS) is integral to TOD, profoundly impacting urban development. This study analyzes MRTS history in KMC, focusing on two Kolkata metro stations within a 400-800 m radius. Kalighat station aligns with TOD policies, maintaining a dense built-up area since 1991. Conversely, Kavi Nazrul station, operational since 2009, is still developing and hasn't yet met TOD standards. These findings offer valuable insights for urban planning and policy.

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Citation:

Alam, T., & Banerjee, A. (2021). Rapid Transit-Oriented Morphological Transformations in Indian Cities: A Case of Kolkata Metro. Forthcoming. Sustainable Urban Mobility: Opportunities and Challenges in Developing Countries, Kolkata, West Bengal,India. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8321753